The development of social attachments in infancy. In: Brazelton TB, Yogman M, eds., Affective Development in Infancy. Discovery of a new, insecure-disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern. Attachment, exploration, and separation: Illustrated by the behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation. Personality development in the evolutionary perspective. Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect. This is the most common attachment style.īowlby J. When frightened, securely attached children are comfortable seeking reassurance from caregivers. Although the child may be upset, they feel assured that the caregiver will return. Secure attachment: Children who can depend on their caregivers show distress when separated and joy when reunited.In such cases, parents may serve as both a source of comfort and fear, leading to disorganized behavior. Lack of a clear attachment pattern is likely linked to inconsistent caregiver behavior. Disorganized attachment: These children display a confusing mix of behavior, seeming disoriented, dazed, or confused.Children who are punished for relying on a caregiver will learn to avoid seeking help in the future. This attachment style might be a result of abusive or neglectful caregivers. Avoidant attachment: Children with an avoidant attachment tend to avoid parents or caregivers, showing no preference between a caregiver and a complete stranger.As a result of poor parental availability, these children cannot depend on their primary caregiver to be there when they need them. Ambivalent attachment style is considered uncommon, affecting an estimated 7% to 15% of U.S. Ambivalent attachment: These children become very distressed when a parent leaves.
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